The purpose of this study is to analyze the economics of a range of advanced electric water heating load control and energy efficiency strategies that utilities and demand response aggregators could implement to reduce total system costs.

Prepared by:  The Brattle Group

Published:  January 2016

Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships (NEEP) Heat Pump Water Heater fact sheet.

Prepared by:  Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships

Published:  December 2012

This paper explores the year-long performance of a 189 L (50 gal) heat pump water heater (HPWH) serving as an auxiliary unit to an active, indirect solar thermal water heater with a 303 L (80 gal) storage tank in a net-zero energy test home located in Gaithersburg, MD.

Prepared by:  National Institute of Standards and Technology

Published:  January 2016

US HPWH Market Transformation: Where We’ve Been and Where to Go Next. PNNL. Presented at the 2017 9^th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting (http://eedal2017.uci.edu/ ) at Irvine, CA and to be published in the conference proceedings, September 15, 2017.

This study aims to establish the total costs of ownership for selected water heating technologies in California IOU territories. Specifically, the CPUC seeks to understand the total cost of ownership of heat pump water heating systems and competing technologies for two customer groups: Single family occupants and Multifamily building occupants and owners.

Prepared by:  California Public Utilities Comission

Published:  August 2016